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Info about Shuttle Flight STS- 47
NASA
SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION
SPACELAB J
STS-47 PRESS KIT
SEPTEMBER 1992
PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS
NASA Headquarters
Office of Space Flight/Office of Space Systems Development
Mark Hess/Jim Cast/Ed Campion
(Phone: 202/453-8536)
Office of Space Science And Applications
Paula Cleggett-Haleim/Mike Braukus/Brian Dunbar
(Phone: 202/358-1547)
Office of Commercial Programs
Barbara Selby
(Phone: 202/358-1983)
Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology
Drucella Andersen/Les Dorr
(Phone: 202/453-2754)
Office of Safety & Mission Quality / Office of Space Communications
Dwayne Brown
(Phone: 202/358-0545)
Ames Research Center Langley Research Center
Jane Hutchison Jean Drummond Clough
(Phone: 415/604-4968) (Phone: 804/864-6122)
Dryden Flight Research Facility Lewis Research Center
Nancy Lovato Mary Ann Peto
(Phone: 805/258-3448) (Phone: 216/433-2899)
Goddard Space Flight Center Marshall Space Flight Center
Dolores Beasley June Malone
(Phone: 301/286-2806) (Phone: 205/544-0034)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Stennis Space Center
James Wilson Myron Webb
(Phone: 818/354-5011) (Phone: 601/688-3341)
Johnson Space Center Wallops Flight Center
James Hartsfield Keith Koehler
(Phone: 713/483-5111) (Phone: 804/824-1579)
Kennedy Space Center
Lisa Malone
(Phone: 407/867-2468)
i
CONTENTS
General Release 1
Media Services Information 4
Quick-Look-Facts 5
Payload and Vehicle Weights/Space Shuttle Abort Modes 7
Trajectory Sequence of Events 8
Pre-Launch Processing 9
Spacelab-J/Materials Science 10
Spacelab-J/Life Sciences 15
Spacelab-J/Experiments Listing 20
Get Away Special (GAS) 23
Israel Space Agency Investigation About Hornets (ISAIAH) 26
Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) 26
Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE) 28
Space Acceleration Measurement (SAMS) 28
STS-47 Crew Biographies 29
Mission Management for STS-47 32
Upcoming Shuttle Missions 35
Previous Shuttle Missions 36
ii
RELEASE: 92-128 September 1992
STS-47 FLIGHT MARKS JAPAN'S MAJOR FORAY INTO HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT
The 50th Shuttle flight marks the first NASA mission devoted
primarily to Japan. Space Shuttle Endeavour will carry a crew of 7,
including a Japanese mission specialist, and Spacelab-J (SL-J) science
laboratory into Earth orbit on the STS-47 mission. SL-J contains 43
experiments, 34 provided by Japan, 7 from the United States and 2 joint
experiments.
"Missions such as Spacelab J mirrow the way science is done on
Earth," said SL-J Program Scientist Dr. Robert S. Sokolowski.
"Astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory will conduct experiments
around-the-clock. These experiments will add to basic knowledge about
the behavior of everything from crystals, fluids and even humans when
exposed to the near weightless environment of spaceflight."
Commander of the mission is Robert "Hoot" Gibson, making his
fourth Shuttle flight. Curtis Brown, making his first, is the pilot.
Making their second Shuttle flights are mission specialists Mark Lee
and Jay Apt. First time space travelers Jan Davis and Mae Jemison, the
first African American woman to fly in space, round out the NASA crew.
Endeavour's crew also will include the first Japanese to fly
aboard a NASA spacecraft, payload specialist Dr. Mamoru Mohri.
STS-47 will be the second flight of NASA's newest Space
Shuttle, Endeavour. Scheduled for launch around Sept. 11, the mission
is scheduled to last 6 days, 20 hours and 36 minutes. At the end of
its mission, Endeavour will land at the Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
SL-J Laboratory
Spacelab is a 23-foot long pressurized laboratory built by the
European Space Agency specifically for conducting experiments in a
shirt-sleeve environment aboard the Space Shuttle.
"On Spacelab missions, astronauts do the science. They have
an essential role in the conduct of the experiments, both as
investigators and as test subjects," said Gary W. McCollum, SL-J
Program Manager. "This mission is ty;pical of how we will routinely
work in space for much longer periods when Space Station Freedom begins
operations later this decade."
Research conducted on Spacelab missions and later on Freedom
offers unique opportunities to learn about basic scientific processes,
which ultimately may lead to useful commercial and medical
applications.
But, the effects of microgravity on plants and animals,
including humans, must be understood before long-term space travel and
exploration missions can be undertaken.
"Our life sciences research seeks to distinguish the role
gravity plays in the development and functions of life on Earth. We
can study plants and animals -- including humans -- in the microgravity
of space," said Dr. Thora Halstead, SL-J Program Scientist. "With the
overwhelming influence of gravity removed, basic physical processes can
be studied more easily."
"This information is critical to keeping people healthy and
productive on the space station and on long space missions to the
planets," Halstead said. "But the application of this knowledge has
far-reaching benefits because some of what we learn on these missions
will be useful to researchers studying medical problems on Earth."
Materials Science Experiments
On Spacelab J, 24 experiments will study various materials and
processes in the near absence of gravity. This includes studies of
protein crystals, electronic materials, fluids, glasses and ceramics,
metals and alloys --
A frequent flier on Space Shuttle missions, the protein crystal
growth experiment will make its 15th trip into space. Proteins are
building blocks of living organisms. Understanding how proteins work
could lead to new and improved medicines and foods.
Due to the forces of gravity, the internal structures of
protein crystals grow imperfectly on Earth. Absent of gravity-induced
flaws, the internal structure of protein crystals grown in space can be
studied on the ground more easily .
Returned to Earth and examined using powerful x-ray
diffractometers and computers, these space-grown protein crystals
reveal their molecular structure. Understanding how proteins work
could lead to new and improved medicines and protein-rich foods.
Semiconductors, an integral component of electronic devices
used in industrial and consumer products, are the focus of several
materials experiments. Six types of semiconductor crystals will be
grown aboard Spacelab.
In the miniature world of semiconductor chips, gravity-induced
flaws in crystals can alter dramatically the performance of the chip.
With no gravity, researchers believe they can grow crystals of
unparalleled quality and consistency. This could eventually lead to
improved semiconductors and superconductors and more efficient
electronic components.
Endeavour's crew also will conduct investigations on the
behavior of mineral oil drops. This is part of a continuing effort to
identify the potential for processing materials without the need for
containers that, like gravity, reduces the quality of the material
processed.
Other experiments will manufacture glass and a rare mineral
compound called samarskite, which will test theories on material
properties. A series of 10 metals and alloys experiments will look
into the ways that ingredients may be combined to form new, improved
materials.
Life Sciences Experiments
The remaining 20 experiments are life science research. Life
science experiments include cell separation, cell biology,
developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space
radiation and biological rhythms.
Astronauts will separate mixtures of proteins using an
electrical field as a way of obtaining purer proteins. They will grow
plant and animal cells to see how microgravity alters their development
and to learn more about how they function.
Frog eggs will be fertilized in space and examined at various
stages of development -- from embryos to tadpoles to adults. The
influence of weightlessness on the stages of development and the
behavior of the frogs will be determined. Chicken embryos also will be
flown to study how space flight alters the development of bones and
other tissues.
Scientists will study the human body's motion and balance
mechanisms and visual stability as altered by space flight.
Endeavour's crew will be the test subjects.
They also will participate in experiments to test the
effectiveness of biofeedback to ward off space motion sickness.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) equipment will be used pre- and
post-flight to measure muscle and bone loss due to space travel.
A Japanese experiment will use two koi fish (carp) to study
effects of weightlessness on a fish's gravity-sensing organ, which is
very similar to the same organ in humans. Effects of space cosmic
radiation will be measured using fruit fly larvae and eggs.
A new piece of medical equipment to convert contaminated water
into a sterile (glucose and saline) fluid for intravenous use will be
tested. This experiment is directed toward future medical care on
Space Station Freedom.
Several other experiments will be carried in the Shuttle
middeck compartment. Also a Getaway Special Bridge in the cargo bay
will house 9 experiments.
MEDIA SERVICES INFORMATION
NASA Select Television Transmission
NASA Select television is available on Satcom F-2R, Transponder 13,
located at 72 degrees west longitude; frequency 3960.0 MHz, audio 6.8 MHz.
The schedule for television transmissions from the Space Shuttle
orbiter and for the mission briefings will be available during the mission at
Kennedy Space Center, Fla; Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.;
Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, Calif.; Johnson Space Center,
Houston and NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The television schedule
will be updated to reflect changes dictated by mission operations.
Television schedules also may be obtained by calling COMSTOR
713/483-5817. COMSTOR is a computer data base service requiring the use
of a telephone modem. A voice update of the television schedule is updated
daily at noon eastern time.
Status Reports
Status reports on countdown and mission progress, on-orbit activities
and landing operations will be produced by the appropriate NASA news
center.
Briefings
A mission press briefing schedule will be issued prior to
launch. During the mission, change-of-shift briefings by the off-going
flight director and the science team will occur at least once per day.
The updated NASA Select television schedule will indicate when mission
briefings are planned.
STS-47 QUICK LOOK
Launch Date and Site: Sept. 11, 1992, Kennedy Space Center, Fla., Pad 39A
Launch Window: 10:25 a.m. - 12:55 p.m. EDT
Orbiter: Endeavour (OV-105)
Orbit: 163 n.m. x 163 n.m.; 57 degrees inclination
Landing Date/Time: 7:01 a.m. EDT Sept. 18, 1992
Primary Landing Site: Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
Abort Landing Sites: Return to Launch Site - Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
Transoceanic Abort Landing - Zaragoza, Spain; Ben
Guerir, Morroco; Moron, Spain
Abort Once Around - White Sands Space Harbor, N.M.
Crew: Robert Gibson, Commander
Curtis Brown, Pilot
Mark Lee, Mission Specialist 1
Jay Apt, Mission Specialist 2
Jan Davis, Mission Specialist 3
Mae Jemison, Mission Specialist 4
Mamoru Mohri, Payload Specialist 1
Operational Shifts: Red team -- Brown, Lee, Mohri
Blue team -- Apt, Davis, Jemison
Cargo Bay Payloads: Spacelab-J
GAS Bridge (Get-Away Specials)
Middeck Payloads: ISAIAH (Israel Space Agency Investigation About Hornets)
SSCE (Solid Surface Combustion Experiment)
SAREX-II (Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II)
SL-3 Mission Conf. Shuttle
STS-47 VEHICLE AND PAYLOAD WEIGHTS
Pounds
Orbiter (Endeavour) Empty and 3 SSMEs 173,174
Spacelab-J Module 21,861
Get-Away Specials Bridge 5,000
Israel Space Agency Investigation About Hornets 70
Solid Surface Combustion Experiment 253
Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment 36
Detailed Supplementary Objectives 51
Total Vehicle At SRB Ignition 4,510,542
Orbiter Landing Weight 219,247
SPACE SHUTTLE ABORT MODES
Space Shuttle launch abort philosophy aims toward safe and intact
recovery of the flight crew, orbiter and its payload. Abort modes include:
* Abort-To-Orbit (ATO) -- Partial loss of main engine thrust late enough
to permit reaching a minimal 105-nautical mile orbit with orbital maneuvering
system engines.
* Abort-Once-Around (AOA) -- Earlier main engine shutdown with the
capability to allow one orbit around before landing at either Edwards Air
Force Base, Calif.; White Sands Space Harbor, N.M; or the Shuttle Landing
Facility (SLF) at the Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
* Trans-Atlantic Abort Landing (TAL) -- Loss of one or more main engines
midway through powered flight would force a landing at either Zaragoza,
Spain; Ben Guerir, Morocco; or Moron, Spain.
* Return-To-Launch-Site (RTLS) -- Early shutdown of one or more engines
without enough energy to reach Zaragoza would result in a orbiter pitch
around and thrust back toward KSC until within gliding distance of the SLF.
STS-47 contingency landing sites are Edwards Air Force Base, the
Kennedy Space Center, White Sands Space Harbor, Zaragoza, Ben Guerir and
Moron.
STS-47 TRAJECTORY SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
RELATIVE
EVENT MET VELOCITY MACH ALTITUDE
(d:h:m:s) (fps) (ft)
Launch 00/00:00:00
Begin Roll Maneuver 00/00:00:10 189 .17 801
End Roll Maneuver 00/00:00:19 430 .38 3,674
SSME Throttle Down 67% 00/00:00:32 765 .69 10,663
SSME Throttle Up 104% 00/00:01:04 1,513 1.57 41,860
Maximum Dyn. Pressure 00/00:01:05 1,548 1.62 43,059
(Max Q)
SRB Separation 00/00:02:04 4,131 3.89 155,869
Main Engine Cutoff 00/00:08:34 25,000 21.61 376,708
Zero Thrust 00/00:08:40 25,000 N/A 376,909
ET Separation 00/00:08:52
OMS-2 Burn 00/00:36:12
Landing 06/20:36:00
Apogee, Perigee at MECO: 160 x 17 nautical miles
Apogee, Perigee post-OMS 2: 163 x 163 nautical miles
STS-47 PRE-LAUNCH PROCESSING
KSC's Shuttle processing team began work to ready Endeavour for its
second voyage into space on May 31 when the vehicle arrived at Orbiter
Processing Facility bay 3 following its ferry flight back from California.
Post-flight tests and evaluations were performed on Endeavour following
its maiden voyage. On July 14, the primary STS-47 payload, the Spacelab-J
laboratory, was installed in Endeavour's payload bay while in the Orbiter
Processing Facility (OPF0. Interface verification tests between the orbiter
and laboratory were conducted within the next few days.
While in the OPF, technicians installed the three main engines in July.
Engine 2026 is in the No. 1 position, Engine 2022 is in the No. 2 position
and Engine 2029 is in the No. 3 position.
After being readied for its second flight, Endeavour was transferred out
of the OPF and towed several hundred yards to the Vehicle Assembly Building
and connected to its external tank and solid rocket boosters.
Meanwhile, solid rocket booster stacking activities commenced on June
11 and concluded in July. The external tank was attached to the boosters on
July 13. Mobile launcher platform number 2 is being used for Endeavour's
second flight.
Technicians attached the 100-ton space plane to its already stacked solid
rocket boosters and external tank. Endeavour was transferred to pad 39-B.
The Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test with the STS-47 flight crew
was completed.
A standard 43-hour launch countdown is scheduled to begin 3 days prior
to launch. During the countdown, the orbiter's fuel cell storage tanks and all
orbiter systems will be prepared for flight.
About 9 hours before launch, the external tank will be filled with its
flight load of a half million gallons of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen
propellants. About 2 and one-half hours before liftoff, the flight crew will
begin taking their assigned seats in the crew cabin.
Endeavour's end-of-mission landing is planned at Kennedy Space Center's
Shuttle Landing Facility. KSC's landing and recovery team will perform
normal convoy operations on the runway to safe the vehicle and prepare it for
tow to the OPF.
Endeavour's next flight, STS-54, is targeted for the end of the year. The
STS-54 crew aboard Endeavour will loft NASA's Tracking and Data Relay
Satellite-F into geosynchronous orbit.
SPACELAB-J
Spacelab research offers unique opportunities to learn about basic
scientific processes and the effects of space travel on humans in preparation
for longer stays in space. These opportunities ultimately may lead to useful
commercial and medical applications on Earth.
The Spacelab-J mission is a joint project in space-based research
between the United States and Japan. Within the spacelab, NASA will fly
Japan's "First Materials Processing Test," a collection of 34 material and
life- science investigations, seven U.S. experiments, plus two collaborative
experiments between the two agencies.
For Spacelab-J, the long module is used. This self-contained 23-foot-
laboratory contains a series of equipment racks that hold furnaces, computer
and biological workstations, biological incubators, storage lockers and other
equipment to perform experiments in space. Additional storage space and
experiments are located in the orbiter crew cabin's mid-deck area.
SPACELAB-J EXPERIMENTS
These experiments should provide scientists with a better
understanding of fundamental materials and biological processes. There are
43 investigations, including 24 dedicated to materials science and 19 to life
science research.
The materials science experiments will explore five major areas --
biotechnology, electronic materials, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena,
glasses and ceramics, and metals and alloys.
The life science experiments include cell separation, cell biology,
developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space
radiation and biological rhythms. A medical technology experiment also will
be conducted.
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Spacelab-J microgravity science experiments cover three research
disciplines: biotechnology, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena, and
materials science. Within these disciplines, the areas covered include:
protein crystal growth, electronic materials, fluid dynamics, glasses and
ceramics, and metals and alloys. One instrument will collect data on the
microgravity environment aboard Spacelab.
Protein Crystal Growth
This research field seeks to develop higher quality protein crystals
than those developed on Earth and understand their internal crystalline order.
Spacelab J art
Spacelab J art
Protein crystals on the Spacelab-J mission are grown in two scientific
instruments, each relying on a different technique to promote crystallization:
vapor diffusion and liquid/liquid diffusion.
Proteins are complex amino-acid compounds present in all life forms.
They perform numerous, critical roles in biochemical processes. If scientists
can determine how proteins work, new and improved medicines may be
developed.
The functions of most organic molecules are determined by their three-
dimensional structure. If scientists can determine the structure of a protein,
this knowledge may allow the development of new and improved medicine
and synthetic products.
Electronic Materials
In the electronic materials experiments, five kinds of semiconductor
crystals will be grown using four specialized furnaces -- the gradient heating
furnace, the image furnace, the crystal growth furnace and the continuous
heating furnace. Semiconductors will be melted and solidified slowly to
obtain high quality crystal.
The resulting crystals will be returned to Earth for in-depth study and
may lead to a better understanding of manufacturing similar crystals on Earth.
This eventually may lead to improved semiconductors and superconductors,
and more efficient electronic components.
Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena
Fluid dynamics and transport phenomena experiments will study the
underlying physics at work when fluids are subjected to different conditions
under microgravity conditions.
Liquid drops will be levitated and manipulated using sound waves in the
Drop Dynamics in Space and Interference with Acoustic Field experiment.
Two other experiments -- the Study of Bubble Behavior and Marangoni-
Induced Convection in Materials Processing Under Microgravity -- will study
Marangoni convection, fluid movement caused by surface tension variations
between regions of different temperatures.
On Earth, liquids are affected by buoyancy-driven convection. When a
fluid is heated, lighter fluids rise and heavier fluids fall. In microgravity, this
is much weaker, allowing Marangoni or surface tension driven convection to
be studied. Marangoni convection is one of many phenomena that must be
better understood for materials processing techniques to become more
effective.
Photography and videotape recordings will be important tools in
documenting these and other experiments. Such technology permits in-
depth, frame-by-frame study of recordings of complex physics phenomena in
laboratories back on Earth.
Glasses and Ceramics
New types of glasses and ceramics also may be developed through
containerless processing methods. The Preparation of Optical Materials Used
in Non-Visible Region experiment will create a non-silicone-based glass like
that used in infrared-detecting devices such as telescope lenses.
This will be accomplished in an acoustic levitation furnace. This
furnace uses sound waves to suspend, combine and melt ingredients in
microgravity. It will form a glass after cooling. Containerless processing
eliminates the possibility of introducing impurities, perhaps leading to
glasses that will transmit more light.
The image furnace also will be used for two glass and ceramics
experiments. The High Temperature Behavior of Glass experiment will
collect data on the physical processes behind glass melting. The Growth of
Samarskite Crystal in Microgravity will produce a rare mineral compound to
better understand its properties and possible usefulness.
Metals and Alloys
A series of ten metals and alloys experiments will study the ways that
ingredients may be combined to form new, improved materials. The large
isothermal furnace will heat elements to a liquid state under various levels of
pressure and cool them from the molten state to a useable solid.
On Earth, these processes are affected by gravity's pull. In space,
substances can be mixed with much more control as they float in a weightless
condition. The result is a more uniformly combined material with fewer
impurities.
The understanding of such processing may lead to lighter, more stress-
resistant metals, as well as more uniform semiconductors and superconductors.
Such materials may have a broad range of uses -- from cars to computers to
construction.
The Casting of Superconducting Filamentary Composite Materials and
the Preparation of Nickel-Base Dispersion Strengthened Alloys experiments
will contribute to this field of study.
Acceleration Data Collection
The Space Acceleration Measurement System will be used for the
fourth time in Spacelab to collect data about acceleration forces experienced
during the mission. This system of three sensor heads will be located in the
Spaclab-J module. Such information will assist planners in developing
scientific equipment and in placing sensitive experiments where they are
least likely to be disturbed.
LIFE SCIENCES
The effects of microgravity on plants and animals, including humans,
must be understood before long-term space travel and exploration missions
can be undertaken. Life sciences research seeks to discover the effects of
gravity versus microgravity environments on various life forms.
With that information, researchers hope to correct or prevent adverse
physiological effects that result from living and working in space and to
develop new scientific information to improve life on Earth.
Life sciences experiments aboard Spacelab J include: cell biology,
developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space
radiation and biological rhythms. One technology experiment in the medical
field also will be conducted.
Biotechnology Two biological experiments will separate biological
sample mixtures, composed of several types of cells or proteins, into
individual purified fractions consisting of a particular protein or cell-type
using electrical fields.
Cell Biology
Three cell culturing experiments will grow plant and animal cells to
test the influence of gravity on development and function at the cellular
level. One such test will be the production of antibodies in space.
Developmental Biology
Other experiments in the life sciences will study how gravity affects
the development of animals. An experiment entitled Effects of Weightlessness
on the Development of Amphibian Eggs Fertilized in Space will study the role of
gravity in fertilization and development.
Female frogs will be carried aboard Spacelab J. Their eggs will be
fertilized during the flight and will develop in a microgravity environment.
Some eggs will be fixed at a certain point in their development, while others
will be allowed to develop into tadpoles and adult frogs.
Frog Art
Another experiment to study the role of gravity on the early
development of animals is The Effect of Low Gravity on Calcium Metabolism
and Bone Formation. This study will examine how microgravity affects
calcium metabolism and bone formation in chick embryos.
Physiology
Several experiments will examine the physiology of living organisms on
this mission. These experiments will reveal more about how organisms
function in the space environment. Several experiments will focus on the
physiology of the vestibular-ocular system.
One experiment, The Comparative Measurement of Visual Stability in
Earth and Cosmic Space, will study the effects of microgravity on visual
stability. This experiment will examine head and eye movements while the
crew member visually tracks a flickering light target.
Another experiment designed to study the vestibular-ocular system is
The Neurophysiological Study on Visuo-vestibular Control of Posture and
Movement in Fish During Adaptation to Weightlessness. l
In this experiment, two Japanese koi fish (carp) will be exposed to a
varying light stimulus. One fish will have its otolith structure removed. The
otolith is a gravity-sensing structure in the inner ear. This fish's response
will be compared to the other fish to identify differences in how each reacts
to the same stimulus.
Three crew members will participate in experiments on physical
adaptation to space. While awake, each will wear a special suit fitted with
various sensors that monitor and record various physical responses. Urine
collection will gauge the intake and output of fluids, which shift toward the
upper body in microgravity.
Space motion sickness is an element of general Space Adaptation
Syndrome that affects many space travelers. A possible countermeasure for
this will be studied in an experiment entitled The Autogenic Feedback
Training Experiment: A Preventative Method for Space Motion Sickness;
Autogenic Feedback Training for Vestibular Symptomology.
This two-part experiment is a continuation from an experiment that
flew on the Spacelab-3 mission. On Spacelab J two crew members are
participants in this experiment.
One crew member will use biofeedback, a technique where one
becomes aware of unconscious or involuntary bodily processes (such as
heartbeat and skin temperature), in order to consciously control them. The
goal is to train astronauts to overcome the effects of space motion sickness
without using artificial means, such as drugs.
AFS-2 art
The second participant, the control, has not been trained in
biofeedback techniques. But that participant's responses to similar
circumstances will be recorded. Data collected from the sensor suits they
will wear also may help predict the likelihood of space motion sickness in
future candidates for space travel.
In space, muscles do not have to work as hard as they do under
gravity's influence. Bones do not receive the same stress that they do when
under a gravitational field. As a result, crew members from previous missions
have lost calcium from bones and protein from muscles during flight.
These losses could become a serious problem if crews spend many
months or years in a microgravity environment. Several experiments being
flown aboard Spacelab J have been designed to study this problem. These
experiments will gather information about the process and extent of bone and
muscle loss after exposure to space.
Two experiments will specifically study bone loss. Fertilized chicken
eggs and rat bone cells will be examined after the mission for cartilage
growth and bone formation.
To study how muscle mass is lost while in space, the Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) After Exposure to Microgravity experiment
employs MRI to examine muscle and bone in selected crew members before
and after the mission.
MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce an image of the
inside of the body, much better than conventional x-rays, but unlike
conventional x-rays, it has no known health hazards. The MRI will allow
investigators to examine calf and thigh muscles and to look for changes in
spinal bone marrow and discs (vertebrae).
Radiation and Environmental Health
An understanding of the radiation environment in space and the effects
of radiation on life forms is critical before long-term space journeys are
undertaken.
To examine the biological effects of space radiation, fruit fly larvae
will be flown in special incubators exposed to the cosmic ray environment.
When the flies hatch, they will be examined for radiation-induced mutations.
Technology Experiment
When intravenous (IV) fluids are administered to a patient on Earth,
gravity aids in their delivery and flow. The absence of gravity presents a
problem should such medical treatment be needed during a space mission.
Therefore, the Fluid Therapy System will be tested on Spacelab J. The tests
will examine the production of medicines and the administration of IV fluids
in the absence of gravity.
SPACELAB-J EXPERIMENTS LISTING
Sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Materials Sciences
Space Acceleration Measurement System
Dr. Richard DeLombard, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland
Fluid Therapy System: Inflight Demonstration of the Space Station
Freedom Health Maintenance Facility Fluid Therapy System
Dr. Charles Lloyd, Johnson Space Center, Houston
Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Exposure to Microgravity
Dr. Adrian LeBlanc, Methodist Hospital, Houston
Life Sciences
Protein Crystal Growth
Dr. Charles Bugg, University of Alabama, Birmingham
Autogenic Feedback Training Experiment: A Preventative Method for Space
Motion Sickness: Autogenic Feedback Training for Vestibular Symptomology
Dr. Patricia Cowings, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
Bone Cell Growth and Mineralization in Microgravity
Dr. Nicole Partridge, St. Louis University Medical School, St. Louis
Affects of Weightlessness in the Development of Amphibian Eggs Fertilized in
Space
Kenneth A. Souza, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
Lower Body Negative Pressure: Countermeasure for Reducing Post-Flight
Orthostatic Intolerance
Dr. John Charles, Johnson Space Flight Center, Houston
Plant Culture Research (Gravity, Chromosomes, and Organized Development
in Aseptically Cultured Plant Cells)
Dr. Abraham Krikorian, State University of New York, Stony Brook
Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Exposure to Microgravity
Dr. Adrian LeBlanc, Methodist Hospital, Houston
From The National Space Development Agency of Japan
First Materials Processing Test -- 34 materials and life sciences experiments
Materials Sciences
Growth Experiment of Narrow Band-Gap Semiconductor Pb-Sn-Te Single
Crystals in Space (M-1)
Dr. Tomoaki Yamada, Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corp.
Growth of Pb-Sn-Te Single Crystal by Travelling Zone Method in Low Gravity
(M-2)
Dr. Souhachi Iwai, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp.
Growth of Semiconductor Compound Single Crystal by Floating Zone Method (M-3)
Dr. Isao Nakatani, National Research Institute for Metals
Casting of Superconducting Filamentary Composite Materials (M-4)
Dr. Kazumasa Togano, National Research Institute for Metals
Formation Mechanism of Deoxidation Products in Iron Ingot Deoxidized With Two
or Three Elements (M-5)
Dr. Akira Fukuzawa, National Research Institute for Metals
Preparation of Nickel Base Dispersion Strengthened Alloys (M-6)
Dr. Yuji Muramatsu, National Research Institute for Metals
Diffusion in Liquid State and Solidification of Binary System (M-7)
Dr. Takehiro Dan, National Research Institute for Metals
High Temperature Behavior of Glass (M-8)
Dr. Naohiro Soga, Kyoto University
Growth of Silicon Spherical Crystals and Surface Oxidation (M-9)
Dr. Tatau Nishinaga, University of Tokyo
Study on Solidification of Immiscible Alloy (M-10)
Dr. Akihiko Kamio, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Fabrication of Very-Low-Density, High-Stiffness Carbon Fiber/Aluminum
Hybridized Composites (M-11)
Dr. Tomoo Suzuki, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Study on the Mechanisms of Liquid Phase Sintering (M-12)
Dr. Shiro Kohara, Science University of Tokyo
Fabrication of Sl-As-Te:Ni Ternary Amorphous Semiconductor in Microgravity
Environment (M-13)
Dr. Yoshihiro Hamakawa, Osaka University
Gas-Evaporation in Low Gravity Field: Congelation Mechanism of Metal Vapors
(M-14)
Dr. Nobuhiko Wada, Nagoya University
Drop Dynamics in Space and Interference With Acoustic Field (M-15)
Dr. Tatsuo Yamanaka, National Aerospace Laboratory
Study of Bubble Behavior (M-16)
Dr. Hisao Azuma, National Aerospace Laboratory
Preparation of Optical Materials Used in Non-Visible Region (M-17)
Junji Hayakawa, Government Industrial Research Institute
Marangoni Induced Convection in Materials Processing Under Microgravity (M-18)
Dr. Shintaro Enya, Heavy Industries
Solidification of Eutectic System Alloys in Space (M-19)
Dr. Atsumi Ohno, Chiba Institute of Technology
Growth of Samarskite Crystal in Microgravity (M-20)
Dr. Shunji Takekawa, National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials
Growth Experiment of Organic Metal Crystal in Low Gravity (M-21)
Dr. Hiroyuki Anzai, National Electorotechnical Laboratory
Crystal Growth of Compound Semi-conductors in a Low-Gravity Environment (M-22)
Dr. Masami Tatsumi, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Life Sciences
Endocrine and Metabolic Changes in Payload Specialist (L-1)
Dr. Hisao Seo, Nagoya University
Neurophysiological Study on Visuo-Vestibular Control of Posture and Movement in
Fish During Adaptation to Weightlessness (L-2)
Dr. Masao Kuroda, Osaka University
Comparative Measurement of Visual Stability in Earth and Cosmic Space (L-4)
Dr. Kazuo Koga, Nagoya University
Crystal Growth of Enzymes in Low Gravity (L-5)
Dr. Yuhei Morita, Kyoto University
Studies on the Effects of Microgravity on the Ultrastructure and Functions of
Cultured Mammalian Cells (L-6)
Dr. Atsushige Sato, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
The Effect of Low Gravity on Calcium Metabolism and Bone Formation (L-7)
Dr. Tatsuo Suda, Showa University
Separation of the Animal Cells and Cellular Organella by Means of Free Flow
Electrophoresis (L-8)
Dr. Tokio Yamaguchi, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Genetic Effects of HZE and Cosmic Radiation (L-9)
Dr. Mituo Ikenaga, Kyoto University
Space Research on Perceptual Motor Functions Under the Zero Gravity Condition
(L-10)
Akira Tada, National Aerospace Laboratory
Study on the Biological Effect of Cosmic Radiation and the Development of
Radiation Protection Technology (L-11)
Dr. Shunji Nagaoka, National Space Development Agency of Japan
Circadian Rhythm of Conidiation in Neurospora Crassa (L-12)
Dr. Yasuhiro Miyoshi, University of Shizuoka
GET AWAY SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS ON STS-47
Ten years ago, the first Get Away Special payload flew on Space Shuttle
Columbia. Since then, several hundred experiments have been carried out in
space as part of NASA's Get Away Special (GAS) Program.
GAS payloads from industry, educational institutions, domestic and foreign
governments, as well as from individuals wanting to carry out scientific
research on Shuttle flights have participated in the GAS program, managed by
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. This program is offered
to customers for a nominal fee on a space-available basis. Clarke Prouty is
GAS Mission Manager, and Larry Thomas provides customer support at Goddard.
The GAS bridge, capable of holding a maximum of 12 canisters, spans the
payload bay of the orbiter and offers a convenient way of flying several
canisters simultaneously. Ten GAS payloads originally were scheduled to fly
on this mission. However, one GAS payload cancelled because of technical
difficulties. To fill the bridge, three GAS ballast payloads will be used.
The most recent GAS payload flew on STS-45 in March 1992. To date, 78
GAS cans have flown on 18 missions. GAS experiments from five countries
are on this mission. The countries represented are Sweden, France, Canada,
England and the United States. Brief descriptions of the payloads on STS-47
follow.
G-102 Sponsor: Boy Scouts of America's Exploring Division (in cooperation
with the TRW Systems Integration Group, Fairfax, Va.)
In 1978, Explorer posts were invited to submit ideas for experiments.
This final flight complement of seven experiments was selected through a
three-stage elimination process from 38 proposals originally submitted.
The seven experiments and their sponsors are: Capillary Pumping
developed by Explorer Post 9005 and sponsored by the McDonnell Douglas
Corp., St. Louis, Mo.; Cosmic Ray developed by Explorer Ship 101 and
sponsored by the American Legion of Bridgeport, Conn.; Crystal Growth
developed by Explorer Post 310 and Emulsions developed by Explorer Post
475, both sponsored by Chesebrough Pond's Research Laboratory, Trumbull,
Conn.; Fiber Optics developed by Explorer Post 475 sponsored by the Naval
Avionics Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Floppy Disk developed by Explorer Post
1022 sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Columbia,
Md.; Fluid Droplets developed by Explorer Post 822 sponsored by Martin
Marietta, Littleton, Colo; Command, Power and Mechanical Systems designed
by Explorer Post 1275 sponsored by the Goddard Explorer Club of NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
G-255 Sponsor: Kansas University Space Program, Lawrence, Kansas
This payload contains three experiments based on the analysis of
biochemistry structures in microgravity. The payload uses a computer
controller and an active thermal control system. The first experiment will
crystalize enzymes. The second will conduct research in cell formations. In
the third experiment, seeds will be used to test any effects that the space
environment may have on seed germination rates.
The Kansas University Space program is comprised of volunteer
undergraduate engineering and science majors.
G-300 Sponsor: Matra Marconi Space/Laboratorie De Genie Electrique De
Paris, Paris, France
This is the first GAS payload to fly from France. The objective of this
experiment is to explore thermal conductivity of liquids in microgravity.
Measurements will be performed on three liquids: distilled water (as a
standard) and two silicone oils. Using a modified "hot plate" method, a
simplified guard ring reduces the heat losses.
G-330 Sponsor: Swedish Space Corporation, Solna, Sweden
The scientific aim of this experiment is to study the breakdown of a
planar solid/liquid interface when the growth rate increases from stable to
unstable conditions. To do this, a sample of Germanium doped with Gallium will
be processed during the flight. To perform the experiment, a gradient furnace
was developed in which the growth rate can be controlled along the crystal.
The gradient furnace consists of a ceramic crucible with five heating
elements and a cooler.
G-482 Sponsor: Spar Aerospace Ltd., Quebec, Canada
The purpose of this experiment is to compare the behavior of bread yeast
in the absence of gravity to the behavior of bread yeast in normal atmospheric
conditions. The experiment mixes flour, water and the designated yeast on-
orbit, allows the mixture to rise, and then "bakes" it.
G-520 Sponsor: Ashford School, Kent, England
This payload is the first British school experiment to fly in space. The
project won first-prize in a nationwide school competition run by
Independent Television News (ITN). Two experiments are part of this
payload. In the first, the students designed a small, leak-proof, transparent
container filled with sodium silicate solution. A few grams of cobalt nitrate
crystals will be released into the center of the solution. As soon as the
crystals are dropped into the solution, a camera will record about 100
pictures for study on return to Earth.
In the second experiment, a chemical solution is placed on a gel
containing another compound, resulting in a series of rings appearing in the
gel. The resulting rings will be photographed by a second camera, taking 100
pictures of crystal growth at varying intervals over 4 days.
G-521 Sponsor: Canadian Space Agency, Ottawa, Canada
This payload is called QUESTS (Queens's University Experiment on the
Shuttle Transportation System) and includes 15 furnaces. Twelve of the
furnaces are constant-temperature furnaces. These furnaces will be used for
studies of diffusion in metals when in the liquid state. The other three
furnaces are temperature-gradient, in which a uniform temperature gradient
is applied along the sample, and the temperatures are slowly decreased to
allow crystal growth to occur from one end of the sample.
G-534 Sponsor: NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland
The objective of this experiment is to improve the understanding of the
fundamental mechanisms that constitute nucleate pool boiling. The
experiment will investigate the heat transfer and vapor bubble dynamics
associated with nucleation, bubble growth/collapse and subsequent motion.
G-613 Sponsor: University of Washington, Seattle
This experiment -- an experimental cooling system -- was designed by
University of Washington engineering students. Liquid droplets will be
pumped from a shower head-like device to a spinning collection bowl that
will substitute for gravity by acting as a centrifuge. The rotating bowl will
throw the weightless liquid to the edge and direct it into a collection pipe
for reuse. A smaller experiment, a micro heat pipe also will be flown in this
canister.
ISRAELI SPACE AGENCY INVESTIGATION ABOUT HORNETS
The Israeli Space Agency Investigation About Hornets (ISAIAH)
experiment will be carried on Endeavour's middeck to research the effect of
weightlessness on combs built by oriental hornets.
The oriental hornet has a unique ability to build combs in the direction
of gravity. Terrestrial studies using centrifugal force to simulate different
directions of gravity other than Earth's gravity have shown that such forces
are the only factor that determines the direction a comb is built. ISAIAH is
designed to obtain insight into this unique trait of the oriental hornet by
testing the hornets' ability to orient their combs when in weightlessness.
ISAIAH fits into one middeck locker and consists of two compartments. A
front compartment contains electronics, a blower, two tape recorders and
front panel controls for the experiment. A back compartment contains 18
test chambers of various shapes and a metronome. Each of the nine top side
chambers has a lamp to simulate day and night, an audio sensor and a food
and water container. Each of the bottom side chambers will remain in
constant darkness when the experiment is inside the locker.
Two lexan windows, one on the top and another on the bottom, will allow
the crew to view and photograph the progress of the experiment. ISAIAH is
sponsored by the Israeli Space Agency. The hardware was developed by Israel
Aircraft Industries International, Inc.
SHUTTLE AMATEUR RADIO EXPERIMENT
The Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) is designed to
demonstrate the feasibility of amateur shortwave radio contacts between the
Space Shuttle crew and ground amateur radio operators, often called ham
radio operators. SAREX also serves as an educational opportunity for schools
around the world to learn about space first hand by speaking directly to
astronauts aboard the Shuttle via ham radio. Contacts with certain schools are
included in planning the mission.
STS-47 crew members Jay Apt, call sign N5QWL, and Mamoru Mohri, call
sign 7L2NJY, will operate SAREX. Ham operators may communicate with the
Shuttle using VHF FM voice transmissions and digital packet. The primary
voice frequencies to be used during STS-47 are 145.55 MHz for
transmissions from the spacecraft to the ground and 144.95 MHz, 144.91
MHz and 144.97 MHz for transmissions from the ground to the spacecraft.
Digital packet will operate on 145.55 MHz for transmissions from the Shuttle
to the ground and on 144.70 MHz for transmissions from the ground to the
Shuttle.
Equipment aboard Columbia will include a low-power, hand-held FM
transceiver, spare batteries, headset, an antenna custom designed by NASA to
fit in an orbiter window, an interface module and equipment cabinet.
SAREX has flown previously on Shuttle missions STS-9, STS-51F, STS-35,
STS-37, STS-45 and STS-50. SAREX is a joint effort by NASA, the American
Radio Relay League (ARRL), the Amateur Radio Satellite Corp. and the
Johnson Space Center Amateur Radio Club. Information about orbital
elements, contact times, frequencies and crew operating times will be
available from these groups during the mission and from amateur radio clubs
at other NASA centers.
Ham operators from the JSC club will be operating on HF frequencies, and
the AARL (W1AW) will include SAREX information in its regular HF voice and
Teletype bulletins. The Goddard Space Flight Center Amateur Radio Club,
Greenbelt, Md., will operate 24 hours a day during the mission, providing
information on SAREX and retransmitting live Shuttle air-to-ground
communications. In addition, the NASA Public Affairs Office at the Johnson
Space Center will have a SAREX information desk during the mission.
STS-47 SAREX Operating Frequencies
Location Shuttle Transmission Shuttle Reception
U.S., Africa 145.55 MHz 144.95 MHz
South America 145.55 144.97
and Asia 145.55 144.91
Europe 145.55 MHz 144.80 MHz
145.55 144.75
145.55 144.70
Goddard Amateur Radio Club Operations
(SAREX information and Shuttle audio broadcasts)
3.860 MHz 7.185 MHz
14.295 MHz 21.395 MHz
28.395 MHz
SAREX information also may be obtained from the Johnson Space
Center computer bulletin board (JSC BBS), 8 N 1 1200 baud, at 713/483-
2500 and then type 62511.
SOLID SURFACE COMBUSTION EXPERIMENT
The Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE) is a study of how flames
spread in microgravity. Comparing data on how flames spread in microgravity
with knowledge of how flames spread on Earth may contribute to
improvements in fire safety and control equipment. This will be the fifth
time SSCE has flown aboard the Shuttle. Ultimately, plans call for SSCE to fly
a total of eight times, testing the combustion of different materials under
different atmospheric conditions.
In the SSCE planned for STS-47/SL-J, scientists will test how flames
spread along a instrumented filter paper sample in a test chamber containing
35% oxygen and 65% nitrogen at 1.5 atmospheric pressure.
During the four previous missions on which this experiment was flown,
samples of the filter paper were burned in atmospheres with different levels
of oxygen and pressure. The filter paper and Plexiglas for later flights were
chosen as test materials because extensive data bases already exist on the
combustion of these materials in Earth's gravity. Thus, combustion processed
on Earth and in space can be readily compared.
Scientists will use computer image enhancement techniques to analyze
the film record of the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment. They then will
compare the enhanced images and recorded temperature and pressure data
with a computer simulation of the flame spreading process. Reconciling the
two sets of data is expected to provide new insights into the basic process of
combustion.
Robert A. Altenkirch John M. Koudelka
Principal Investigator Project Manager
Mississippi State University NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland
SPACE ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT (SAMS)
The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) is designed to
measure and record low-level acceleration that the Spacelab experiences
during typical on-orbit activities. The three SAMS sensor heads are mounted
on or near experiments to measure the acceleration environment
experienced by the research package. The signals from these sensors are
amplified, filtered and converted to digital data before it is stored on
optical disks.
For the first SL-J mission, the main unit of the Space Acceleration
Measurement System will be mounted in the SMIDEX Rack of the Spacelab
module, near the aft end of the module. Its three remote sensor heads will
be mounted on the First Material Processing Test Modular Electronic
Levitator, Life Science and Rack #9.
SAMS flight hardware was designed and developed in-house by the NASA
Lewis Research Center and Sverdrup Technology Inc. project team.
Charles Baugher Richard DeLombard
Principal Investigator Project Manager
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Lewis Research Center,
Huntsville, Ala. Cleveland, Ohio.
STS-47 CREW BIOGRAPHIES
Robert L. Gibson, 45, Capt., USN, is Commander of Endeavour for mission
STS-47. Selected as an astronaut in January 1978, Gibson considers
Lakewood, Calif., his hometown and will be making his fourth space flight.
Gibson graduated from Huntington High School, Huntington, N.Y., in 1964
and received a bachelor's in aeronautical engineering from California
Polytechnic State University in 1969.
Gibson first flew as pilot of STS-41B in February 1984, a mission that
deployed two communications satellites and was the first flight of the Manned
Maneuvering Unit, a spacewalker's jet backpack. He next served as
Commander of STS-61C in January 1986, a mission during which the crew
deployed a communications satellite and conducted various experiments in
astrophysics and materials processing. His third flight was Commander of
STS-27, a Department of Defense-dedicated Shuttle mission in December
1988.
Gibson has been a private airplane pilot since age 17 and entered the Navy
in 1969, flying combat missions in Southeast Asia from 1972-1975 and
graduating from the Naval Test Pilot School in 1977.
He has logged 442 hours in space and more than 4,600 hours flying time
in more than 45 types of aircraft.
Curtis L. Brown, Jr., 36, Major, USAF, will serve as Pilot. Selected as
an astronaut in June 1987, Brown was born in Elizabethtown, N.C., and will be
making his first space flight.
Brown graduated from East Bladen High School in Elizabethtown in 1974
and received a bachelor's in electrical engineering from the Air Force
Academy in 1978.
Brown was commissioned in the Air Force in 1978 and graduated pilot
training at McLaughlin Air Force Base, Del Rio, Texas, in 1979. After
completing training for the A-10 aircraft in January 1980, he began flying the
A-10 at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, S.C.
In 1982, he was assigned as an A-10 instructor at Davis-Monthan Air Force
Base, Ariz. In 1983, he attended the Air Force Fighter Weapons School at
Nellis Air Force Base and returned to Davis-Monthan as an A-10 weapons and
tactics instructor later that year.
In 1986, he graduated from the Air Force Test Pilot School and was
serving as a test pilot in the A-10 and F-16 aircraft at Eglin Air Force Base,
Fla., upon his selection by NASA.
Brown has logged more than 3,100 hours flying time.
Mark C. Lee, 40, Lt. Col., USAF, will be Mission Specialist 1. Selected
as an astronaut in May 1984, Lee considers Viroqua, Wis., his hometown and will
be making his second space flight.
Lee graduated from Viroqua High School in 1970, received a bachelor's in
civil engineering from the Air Force Academy in 1974 and received a master's
in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in
1980.
Lee first flew as a mission specialist on STS-30 in May 1989, a flight
that deployed the Magellan planetary probe to map Venus. Prior to joining
NASA, Lee flew the F-4 aircraft at Okinawa Air Force Base, Japan, for 2 and a
half years. At the time of his selection as an astronaut, he was stationed at
Hill Air Force Base flying the F-16 as Flight Commander of the 4th Tactical
Fighter Squadron. Lee has logged more than 2,750 flying hours in T-38, F-4 and
F-16 aircraft. He has logged 97 hours in space.
Jay Apt, 43, will be Mission Specialist 2. Selected as an astronaut in
June 1985, Apt considers Pittsburgh, Pa., his hometown and will be making his
second space flight.
Apt graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh in 1967, received a
bachelor's in physics from Harvard College in 1971 and received a doctorate
in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1976.
Apt first flew on STS-37 in April 1991, a mission on which the Gamma
Ray Observatory was deployed, and Apt performed two spacewalks. Prior to
selection as an astronaut, Apt served as a staff member of the Center for Earth
and Planetary Physics at Harvard from 1976-1980 and as Assistant Director of
Harvard's Division of Applied Sciences from 1978-1980.
Apt joined NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., in 1980 and
served as Science Manager of the Table Mountain Observatory before
becoming a payloads officer working in Johnson Space Center's Mission
Control in 1982. He was serving as a payloads officer at the time of his
selection.
An instrument-rated private pilot, Apt has logged more than 2,500 flying
hours in 25 types of aircraft, sailplanes and man-powered craft. He has
logged 143 hours in space, including almost 11 hours spacewalking.
N. Jan Davis, 38, will be Mission Specialist 3. Selected as an astronaut
in June 1987, Davis considers Huntsville, Ala., her hometown and will be
making her first space flight.
Davis graduated from Huntsville High School in 1971, received a
bachelor's in applied biology from the Georgia Institute of Technology in
1975, received a bachelor's in mechanical engineering from Auburn
University in 1975, received a master's in mechanical engineering from the
University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1983 and received a doctorate in
mechanical engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1985.
Davis joined Texaco, Inc., in Bellaire, Texas, in 1977 as a petroleum
engineer working in tertiary oil recovery. In 1979, she joined NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville where she served as team leader in
the Structural Analysis Division working on the structural analysis and
verification of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the HST maintenance
mission and the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility. She later was assigned
as the Lead Engineer for redesign of the Shuttle's solid rocket booster
external tank attach ring after the STS-51L accident.
As an astronaut, Davis' assignments have included technical support for
development of the Tethered Satellite System mission and serving as
spacecraft communicator in Mission Control for six Shuttle flights.
Mae C. Jemison, 35, will be Mission Specialist 4. Selected as an
astronaut in June 1987, Jemison considers Chicago, Ill., her hometown and will
be making her first spaceflight.
Jemison graduated from Morgan Park High School in Chicago in 1973,
received a bachelor's in chemical engineering from Stanford University in
1977 along with fulfilling requirements for a bachelor's in African and Afro-
American studies and received a doctorate in medicine from Cornell
University in 1981.
Jemison completed her internship at the Los Angeles County/University of
Southern California Medical Center in July 1982 and worked as a general
practicioner with the INA/Ross Loos Medical Group in Los Angeles until
December 1982.
From 1983-1985, she served as the Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for
Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa, managing the health care delivery
system for the Peace Corps and the U.S. Embassy.
Jemison joined CIGNA Health Plans of California in October 1985 and
worked as a general practicioner and studied engineering in Los Angeles until
her selection by NASA.
Mamoru Mohri, 44, will be Payload Specialist 1. Mohri was born in
Yoichi-machi, Hokkaido, Japan and will be making his first space flight.
Mohri was selected as a payload specialist for the National Space
Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) in 1985. He received an
undergraduate degree from the Department of Chemistry at Hokkaido
University, Hokkaido, Japan, in 1970, received a master's from Hokkaido
University in 1972 and received a doctorate from South Australia State
Flinders University, Australia, in 1976.
From 1975 until his selection by NASDA, Mohri served in various positions
with the engineering faculty in the Department of Nuclear Engineering at
Hokkaido University. His major field of expertise is in surface physics and
ultra-high vaccum science. Mohri's current residence is in Matsudo-shi,
Chiba, Japan.
MISSION MANAGEMENT FOR STS-47
NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Office of Space Flight
Jeremiah W. Pearson III -- Associate Administrator
Brian O'Connor -- Deputy Associate Administrator
Tom Utsman -- Director, Space Shuttle
Leonard Nicholson -- Manager, Space Shuttle
Brewster Shaw -- Deputy Manager, Space Shuttle
Office of Space Science And Applications
Dr. Lennard A. Fisk -- Associate Administrator
Alphonso V. Diaz -- Deputy Associate Administrator
Robert Benson -- Director, Flight Systems Division
Gary McCollum -- Program Manager
Joseph Alexander -- Acting Director, Life Sciences Division
Dr. Thora Halstead -- Program Scientist
Robert Rhome -- Director, Microgravity Division
Dr. Robert Sokolowski -- Program Scientist
Office of Commercial Programs
John G. Mannix -- Assistant Administrator
Richard H. Ott -- Director, Commercial Development Division
Garland C. Misener -- Chief, Flight Requirements and Accommodations
Ana M. Villamil -- Program Manager, Centers for the Commercial
Development of Space
Office of Safety and Mission Quality
Col. Federick Gregory -- Associate Administrator
Dr. Charles Pellerin, Jr. -- Deputy Associate Administrator
Richard Perry -- Director, Programs Assurance
National Space Development Agency of Japan
Yoshihiro Ishizawa -- Executive Director
Kazuhiko Yoneyama -- Deputy Director
Tadaaki Mochida -- Director, Space Experiment Group
Norio Soichi -- Project Manager
Dr. Yoshinori Fujimori -- Project Scientist
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Thomas J. Lee -- Director
Dr. J. Wayne Littles -- Deputy Director
J. Aubray King -- Mission Manager
Dr. Fred W. Leslie -- Mission Scientist
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field Calif.
Dr. Dale L. Compton -- Director
Victor L. Peterson -- Deputy Director
Dr. Joseph C. Sharp -- Director, Space Research
Ames-Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif.
Kenneth J. Szalai -- Director
T. G. Ayers -- Deputy Director
James R. Phelps -- Chief, Shuttle Support Office
Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
Robert L. Crippen -- Director
James A. "Gene" Thomas -- Deputy Director
Jay F. Honeycutt -- Director, Shuttle Management and Operations
Robert B. Sieck -- Launch Director
John J. "Tip" Talone -- Endeavour Flow Director
J. Robert Lang -- Director, Vehicle Engineering
Al J. Parrish -- Director, Safety Reliability and Quality Assurance
John T. Conway -- Director, Payload Management and Operations
P. Thomas Breakfield -- Director, Shuttle Payload Operations
Joanne H. Morgan -- Director, Payload Project Management
Glenn E. Snyder -- STS-47 Payload Processing Manager
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Thomas J Lee -- Director
Dr. J Wayne Littles -- Deputy Director
Harry G. Craft -- Manager, Payload Projects Office
Aubray King -- Spacelab-J Mission Manager
Dr. Fred LesLie -- Spacelab-J Mission Scientist
Alexander A. McCool -- Manager, Shuttle Projects Office
Dr. George McDonough -- Director, Science and Engineering
James H. Ehl -- Director, Safety and Mission Assurance
Otto Goetz -- Manager, Space Shuttle Main Engine Project
Victor Keith Henson -- Manager, Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor Project
Cary H. Rutland -- Manager, Solid Rocket Booster Project
Parker Counts -- Manager, External Tank Project
Johnson Space Center, Houston
Aaron Cohen -- Director
Paul J. Weitz -- Acting Director
Daniel Germany -- Manager, Orbiter and GFE Projects
Donald Puddy -- Director, Flight Crew Operations
Eugene F. Kranz -- Director, Mission Operations
Henry O. Pohl -- Director, Engineering
Charles S. Harlan -- Director, Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance
Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, Miss.
Roy S. Estess -- Director
Gerald Smith -- Deputy Director
J. Harry Guin -- Director, Propulsion Test Operations
upcoming shuttle missions
previous shuttle missions
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