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Electronic surveillance - wireless transmitters
NOTICE: TO ALL CONCERNED Certain text files and messages contained on this site deal with activities and devices which would be in violation of various Federal, State, and local laws if actually carried out or constructed. The webmasters of this site do not advocate the breaking of any law. Our text files and message bases are for informational purposes only. We recommend that you contact your local law enforcement officials before undertaking any project based upon any information obtained from this or any other web site. We do not guarantee that any of the information contained on this system is correct, workable, or factual. We are not responsible for, nor do we assume any liability for, damages resulting from the use of any information on this site.
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The Mickey Mouse Club's Guide To.....
[ Electronic Surveillance ]
Part I :
Overview
Wireless Transmitters
By:
[ Cardiac Arrest ]
Special Thanks To :
[ The Mad Bomber ]
Introduction : This file is divided into two parts. In the first part of the
file, I will try to present a general overview of bugging and
electronic surveillance. The second part of this file deals with one method
of bugging: Wireless transmitters. I will give a description of wireless
transmitters and will show several variations of this method. I have called
this file "Part I", but I'm not sure how many additional files (if any) will
be added to this series.
NOTE: I won't lie and say I'm an expert on bugging. I have NOT tried all of
the methods presented here. However, between myself and The Mad Bomber, most
of the bugs in this series have been tested. I am writing this to inform
people of these methods and provide some simple methods that SHOULD work. I
will also list all of my sources and also a list of mail-order companies that
sell bugs and the like.
[--------------------------------[ Overview ]---------------------------------]
The American Heritage Dictionary defines "bug" as "A small hidden
microphone or other device used for eavesdropping." Bugs of the late
80's-early 90's can be nearly any size. The cover of Popular Science (August
1987) shows an electret microphone 3/16 inch across at it's widest point. They
can be placed so as to be nearly impossible to dectect. Bugs can be placed in
electronic devices (such as phones or radios), wired into existing electrical
wiring, or an empty pack of cigarettes. In this country, bugs are commonly
sold as "home security devices" or "hearing aids", and in Europe an Asia, bugs
are openly sold as bugs, although they're illegal there, as they are here.
Bugs can be broken down into three basic classes: bugs with a microphone
and a transmitter; bugs with only a microphone; and, bugs that sit inoperative
until a specific radio signal is received. The first type are by far more
common, being simple to make with components available at Radio Shack, or they
can be assembled as plans, kits, or assembled, from companies such as
Information Unlimited. With a few dollars and a little persistance, a person
with little or no knowledge or electronics can assemble a simple bug in less
than a day.
Electronic surveillance is legal in only one highly controlled situation:
when law-enforcement agencies receive a court order allowing surveillance of a
suspect. However, bugs are widely used to get a leading edge over a competing
corporation, for blackmailing purposes, or simply to find out a little more
about a person.
Hiding A Bug : There are several easy methods of hiding bugs, both from sight
~~~~~~~~~~~~ and detection. Sight is usually no problem. Simply drill a
hole in the wall, insert the bug, and patch it up again, or cover it with a
picture, etc. Or place it in the handset of a telephone. A matchbox is a
perfect hiding place for a den or family room with a fireplace. The
possiblities are as limitless as the bugger's imagination.
Hiding the bug from detection is the tricky part. You could set the
transmitter to a frequency very close to a local TV station, so that it is
overlooked during scanning. More complicated bugs are possilbe of changing
frequecies several times per second, but this is very expensive. One expert
says that during the construction of a building that is to be bugged, simply
mix thousands of diodes in with the concrete. That way, when scanned, the
entire walls would appear to be bugged, and it would be impossible to guess
where to start looking for real bugs. Passive bugs that turn on only when a
certain radio signal is received could simply be turned off when a person
enters the room. A more down-to-earth method would be to simply place the
bug inside an electronic device, say, a simple radio. When the radio is
scanned, the electronic devices inside the radio cover up the bug.
Aquiring A Bug : Anyone with a little money can aquire a bug. It just depends
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ on how much you're willing to spend. This could range from a
few dollars to buy a Radio Shack wireless transmitter and removing the shell,
to a black market bug in the thousands of dollars. Bugs are also readily
available in kit form from mail-order companies for as cheap as $20. In
several foreign contries, bugs are sold openly on the streets. Or, if you want
to save a few bucks, you can go to Radio Shack, buy a few inexpensive
components, and build your own.
Some Interesting Bugs : From various sources I found some interesting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ variations of bugs. These are some of my favorites.
Martini Olive Bug
-----------------
This now infamous bug was designed by a San Francisco security expert
named Hal Lipset. To make a "martini olive", hollow out opposite ends of a
piece. Throw all the components into these holes (there's only about 12). He
also figured out how to cut open a small (AAA) battery and use the parts to
make a tiny power supply. The olive is completed by making a mircophone out of
foil. The olive shaped case is made with fiberglass putty. You can then make
an antenna shaped like a toothpick. Just serve it to the person you wish to
bug.
Picture Hanger Bug
------------------
This one's looks like, of course, a picture hanger. It's about 1/4 inch
long with a picture hanger on the end. Just drill a hole, insert the "hanger",
and replace the picture. It could sit there forever without being discovered.
Electret Bug
------------
This is the bug shown on the cover of Popular Science. It is of the
second class of bugs, using only a microphone. You are required to run two
thin wires to the bug for operation. However, this could be as simple as two
thin stripes of metallic paint, covered up with normal house paint. An
electret bug is made by polarizing certain types of plastics or waxes with a
high voltage. A hole the size of a pinhead is where the sound enters. The bug
pictured on Popular Science measured only 3/16 inch at it's widest point!
Window/LASER Bug
----------------
When sound is generated, window panes vibrate slightly. Using inexpensive
equipement, such as a General Electric H1A1 Laser and an astronomical
reflecting telescope available from Edmund Scientific Company, these vibrations
can be translated to reproduce the original sounds. This is done by bouncing
the laser off of the window, and interpreting the modulations of the beam that
returns.
Computer Bug
------------
About three years ago, in Olympia, England, a British electronics engineer
entered a computer show, where the emphasis was on somputer security, wheeling
a cart. As he walked, he adjusted a few knobs and soon a display screen on his
cart duplicated the monitor of an Epson PC AX. The machine cost under $500,
and was designed by a Dutch researcher named Wim van Eck. A monitor works by a
beam sweeping across the back of the screen. Whereever the monitor is to be
dark, the beam is turned off. Where the monitor should be light, the beam is
turned on. This switching of the beam creates a digital signal. Eck's machine
translates this signal and transfers it to a receiving monitor. The only
problem is synchronizing the sweeping beam. However, Eck built a circuit to
discover the original sync and match the receiver to that signal.
Toilet Bowl Bug
---------------
Have you ever played that game in a swimming pool where one person talks
and the other tries to figure out which direction it came from, but it seems to
come from every direction? This is because water is an excellent conductor of
sound waves. Get the picture? Why not just stick a bug on the piping of a
toilet? That way, you could pick up all conversation (or any other noises)
>from that bathroom.
KGB Bug
-------
In February of 1982, the manager of a Soviet airline was arrested for
espionage. Authorities became suspicious of a scar on his chest, which he
claimed was from an operation. After a closer look, however, they discovered
that the KGB had surgically implanted a bug inside his chest to monitor all
conversations occuring around him.
What The Future Holds : As we enter the 90's, bugs will continue to become
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ smaller and less detectable. One possible solution to
bugs that transmit continuously, which is easy to detect, is to have a bug that
collects information, then sends it in short bursts. One speculation for such
a bug could collect information for 15 seconds and send it in a burst of 1
microsecond. Another idea that is already possible in an impractical form, is
a voice-activated bug that shuts off after a conversation is finished. There
will also be great advances in bug detection. Although advanced detectors are
available, they are very expensive. One such instrument, called the
SuperScout, costs approximately $25,000. And that's owned by a private
businessman. Makes you wonder what the government spends on bug detection....
Notes On Schematics : I'm sorry about the ASCII schematics, but there's not
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ really much I can do about it. I know it'd be better to
do them in extended IBM ASCII, but we're hoping there might be some Apple (or
otherwise) users reading this, too. Anyways, here's a "key" for some of the
hard to understand symbols.
II \
I< \
>I \
___ \ These are all capacitors.
/ \ /
___ /
___ /
/
\
--\ \
\ \ Anything vaguely resembling this blob of ASCII is a semiconductor.
I - / The lower case "V" represents the arrow normally present in
/ / schematics.
--v /
__ \
/// \
\
And \ Indicates Ground
/
----- /
--- /
- /
Hope this helps!!
[--------------------------[ Wireless Transmitter ]---------------------------]
Introduction : Wireless transmitters are by far the most common, the cheapest,
~~~~~~~~~~~~ and the easiest of all the bugs to build. I'll present two
different wireless transmitters. They are all similar in design and function,
but since availability of parts varies for each person, it can't hurt to have
plans for both. The Mad Bomber and I have both tested both of the methods
presented in this file.
Method #1 : This method was found in Radio Electronics March 1989. This
~~~~~~~~~ method transmits over a very short distance (only a couple hundred
feet). It transmits to any frequency in the normal FM band. The PC board in
the book is a little less than 4 inches square, but you can make it smaller
with a little patience. This is a good one to start with, since it's easy to
build and uses common components.
Required Components
-------------------
Resistors (1/4-watt, %5)
R1 - 100 ohms
R2,R4 - 10,000 ohms
R3 - 1000 ohms
R5,R7 - 47,000 ohms
R6 - 2.2 megohms
R8 - 4700 ohms
Capacitors
C1 - 1.5 pF, ceramic disc
C2 - 100 pF, NPO
C3,C4 - 330 pF, NPO
C5,C9 - 0.1 uF, NPO
C6 - 0.001 uF, NPO
C7 - 22 uF, electrolytic
C8 - 6.8 uF, electrolytic
C10 - 10-40 pF trimmer capacitor
Semiconductors
Q1 - BF199 or NTE229, or equivalent NPN transistor
Q2 - BC183C or NTE199, or equivalent NPN transistor
Other Components
L1 - Coil, approximately 1 uH (more on this later)
M1 - Electret microphone
S1 - SPST switch
Miscellaneous
9 volt battery
9 volt battery connector
Wire for connections
Case to put it in
Solder
Soldering Iron
PC Board or "BreadBoard"
NOTE : Complete kit available for $13.85 from Prospect Electronics, PO Box
9144, Allentown, PA 18105.
Construction Notes
------------------
For the coil (L1), you'll need to either coil a wire or set an adjustable coil
around 1 uH. Just make sure there's no bridged, or bad joints when you start
it.
Schematics
----------
____ |------+-----+-------+----------------------+--------+------|
\ / | | | | | | B |
\/ C10 ___ L1 | | | | a |
ANT | / \ | | | | | t -
| C1 | | | | R7 | t ---
|----I<-----+------| R4 C3 ___ | | e -
| | / \ | | r |
| | | +---+ | y |
+-----\ | | +--R6---+ | | | |
| \ | | C9 | | R8 | | |
| I ---+-------+--I<---+\ | |C7 | | C6 |
C2 ___ / | | \ | C5 | \ | + | / |
/ \ v Q1 | | I ---+--|<--+ ___ ___ |
| | | | / | / \ -/ \ |
+----| | | v Q2 | | | |
| | | +-------| | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | + M1 | | |
R1 R2 C4 ___ R3 C8 ___ | | | |
| | / \ | / \ - | | | |
| | | | | | | | S1 |
|------------+-------+-------+-------+------+---+----+-+ +-|
| \
----- +
--- Ground
-
Operation
---------
After you've built the transmitter, you have to set the frequency. Set a
normal FM radio to an odd frequency. Radio Electronics recommends around
88MHz, but in my area up at the high end (108MHz) is a little better. Have a
friend or brother or someone constantly speak into the microphone while you
adjust the trimmer capacitor. At one setting or another, you should hear your
friend's voice. That's all there is to it.
Method #2 : I came across this design in a book called Build Your Own Laser,
~~~~~~~~~ Phaser, Ion Ray Gun & Other Working Space Age Products (I'll give a
little more info on it in the source list), which is a VERY interesting book,
with 3 different types of bugs, several LASERs, and some other goodies (like
shock-wands, etc). This is an excellent device, because it is small and can,
according to the book, transmit well over a mile (I've tested it to around a
1/2 mile) with a good antenna. It is very sensitive, and can transmit sounds
>from all over a house. The tuning range covers the standard FM band, such as
method #1, and also the lower end of the aircraft band, allowing a completely
interference-free transmission.
Required Components
-------------------
Resistors (1/4-watt, 5%)
R1 - 10k
R2,R7,
R7,R8 - 1k
R3 - 100k
R4 - 8.2k
R5,
R10 - 15k
R9 - 3.9k
R11 - 220 ohm
Capacitors
C1 - 100m/25 V small electrolytic
C2 - 470 pF/50 V disc
C3,C5 - 10 uF/50 V electrolytic
C4,C9,
C10 - .01/50 V disc
C6 - 1 uF/50 V electrolytic
C7 - 5 pF mica zero temp
C8 - 6 35 pF trimmer
Semiconductors
Q1,Q2 - PN2222 or equivilent NPN transistor
Miscellaneous
M1 - FET capacitance microphone
PB1 - Perfboard (BreadBoard) about 1 1/8" square
CL1 - 9-volt battery clip
WR1 - #24 wire
B1 - 9-volt battery
L1 - Coil (more on this)
NOTE : Kit available from Information Unlimited(P.O. Box 716, Amherst, NH
03031). Price ranges depending on package.
Construction Notes
------------------
The book recommends 1 5/8" square for the breadboard. My smallest has
been a little less than that size, but I'm not that good at electronics. The
Mad Bomber made one about 1" by 1/2". To make L1 (the coil), get a #8 wood
screw (a pencil seems to work fine for me) and tightly wrap 5-10 turns of #16
buss wire around it.
Schematics
----------
|----+------+----+------+------|
|C1 | C2 | | | |
___ ___ | | | | ____
___ / \ | | | | --+---+------| \ / A
| | R1 R3 R4 | / | | | \/ n
+----| | | | | C6 / | ___ C8 |L1 | t
| | | +------|--I<--R8--+---+--+-I | / \ | | e
__ | | / | | | | \ | v | +---| n
/// WHITE | C4 | / | | | | v | | C9 | n
__---------+-II-+---I | | | | | | +--II--+ a
/M1\ RED | \ | | R9 R10 +--| | |
\__/-+------| | v | ___ | | | __ |
| ___ C3 | | +--| | C10 ___ | | | /// |
| / \ R2 R5 | |C5 | | | | | |
| | | | R6 ___ | | | | R11 |
+--+------| | | / \ | |---+ | | |
| +------+--| | | | | |
__ | | __ | __ |
/// __ | /// | /// |
/// | | |
|-----------------+-----------------+
B |
a ---
t-> -
t ---
e -
r |
y __
///
Operation
---------
Pretty much the same as method number one. Be sure to tune carefully, or
you'll overadjust and never find the frequency. Trust me on that one. The
book also suggests marking the capacitor, which isn't too bad an idea, in case
you accidentally move it. This bug is EXCELLENT for using in houses etc. You
can also use it as a "walkie-talkie" when you're out field phreaking or
something. Just get a walkman type headset radio, and havbe your friend do the
same, and you can talk through the transmitter and listen through the radio.
Sources of Information : This is a list of all the magazines I have or will
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ use for this series of files.
Books
-----
"Build Your Own Laser, Phaser, Ion Ray Gun and Other Working Space-Age
Projects" by Robert E. Iannini. Tab Books Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214.
$15.95. 389 Pages.
"Electronic Telephone Projects" by Anthony J. Caristi. Howard W. Sams &
Co., Inc., 4300 West 62nd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46268. $8.95. 168 Pages.
Magazine Articles
-----------------
"Bugging", Popular Science - August 1987.
"Wireless FM Microphone", Radio Electronics - March 1989.
"Micro-Sized Amplifier", Radio Electronics - August 1988.
"Bug Detector", Radio Electronics - June 1989.
"Tracking Down Bugs Using A Spectrum Analyzer", Radio Electronics - June
1989.
Mail-Order Bugs : This is a list of some of the mail order companies that sell
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ bugs, and other items or interest. Some of them may not
still exist. I haven't tried them lately.
Information Unlimited, Inc. - P.O. Box 716, Amherst, NH 03031. 603-673-4730.
Dirijo/Bond Electronics - P.O. Box 212, Lowell, NC 28098.
Sierra Electronics - P.O. Box 709, Elfers, FL 34680-0709.
Xandi Electronics - P.O. Box 25647, 60P, Tempe, AZ 85285-5647.
Techtronics - 1715 Leaf Ave., Murfreesboro, TN 37130.
N.A.S. - 213-631-3552.
Spypro (045ER) - P.O. Box 45521, Seattle, WA 98145-0521.
Mentor-Z - 135-53 No. Blvd., Flushing, NY 11354.
Conclusion : That's about all I have on wireless voice transmitters for
~~~~~~~~~~ this issue. Part 2 will most likely be on telephone bugs. Well,
that's the plan anyways, but this could change by the time I get to writing it.
If you have any questions, comments, suggestions, complaints, or something
you'd like to see in future files in this series, let me know.
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