Ultra Propulsion Technology

by Abhijit Patil

Abstract:

This paper propose model to accumulate potential energy (PE) to shield gravity and to give desired speed to body.

Introduction:

We have conventional limited resources to propel a body. Present technology does not allow us to reach stars and galaxies to explore and understand our universe. This paper propose model to acuumulate potential energy (PE) which can be used to shield gravity and give kinetic energy ( KE ) to a body to enable it to reach stars and galaxies.

PART I

Observations:

(1) If we take a look at falling leaf of tree, we will note that the leaf does not come down straight with acceleration 9.78 m/s^2. It rotates in air at the time of falling and takes rather longer time. Is it only because of resistence from air?

(2) If we take small flywheel (toy top) and keep on ground on its axle, the flywheel tilt and touches ground. But if we rotate it on ground, it rotates for some time, gradually loses its KE, tilts, touches ground while still rotating and finally stops rotating. We will note that greater the KE of flywheel, it takes longer time before touching ground. Why the rotating flywheel resists gravity of planet?

(3) If we take gyroscope and leave the spinning blades in mid-air, it does not come straight down on planet. It rotates while coming down taking longer time than falling stone. If KE of spinning blades is greater, it takes longer time. Why the spinning blades does not come down on ground like stone?

(4) Let us install ceiling fan in open air and switch on at say, 5 meter height. Blades of fan will push the air in downward direction. If linear speed blades of fan is high, certainly the speed with which the blades of fan pushes air in downward direction will be much more than 9.78 m/s^2 which is the acceleration due to gravity. But in this example, we notice that when the blades of fan pushes the air in downward direction with speed, say, 100 m/s; vacuum is created above the blades of fan. Amazingly, air above the blades of fan replaces the vacuum immediately.

That means air above the blades of fan "falls" in the vacuum with same speed with which blades pushes the air in downward direction. In this case 100 m/s. Why should air above the blades of fan break the laws of gravity and immediately "fall" with the same speed at which blades of fan pushes the air? The air "falls" on the blades of fan with speed much more than 9.78 m/s^2! Why should this happen?

We should come to the conclusion that "kinetic energy" of blades of fan gives rise to potential energy (PE) around blades of fan. And this PE gives rise to KE of air and speed of fall of air on the blades of fan is directly proportional to this potential energy.

Same is the phenomenon associated with rotating leaf of tree, flywheel or spinning projectile. KE of rotating flywheel or spinning blades gives rise to PE around flywheel and blade which shield gravity to some extent. Model To Accumulate Potential Energy (PE):

Now what will happen, if we keep this fan or flywheel rotating in vacuum? Where the kinetic energy of blades of fan, flywheel will go? It must convert in some form according to law of conservation of energy.

According law of conservation of energy, this KE must accumulate in the form of potential energy around blades of fan, flywheel. Of course some KE of rotor is converted in heat energy due to friction. But not all of the KE. For example if we suspend electric bell in vacuum, where KE of striking hammer to bell goes? If there is air, it is converted in sound energy. But if there is vacuum, where this KE of striking hammer will go? Likewise if an astronauts doing spacewalk in space, swing a rope like wave, where the KE of this rope will go? Will all this KE of rope will convert in heat energy? Does all the KE of rotating wheel, gears in any machine is converted in heat energy? No way. If we observe our nature closely, we will find that always KE of matter gets converted in PE and vice versa. Due to limitation of length of this paper, Author can not propose his Theory of Density Space Lines (DSL) which explain cause of Big Bang and motion of all the bodies in our universe in very easy and simple way through experiments and examples.

Now Newtons first law of motion states that "every inanimate body continues to be in its state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line, unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force". As the body is in motion, it has KE. And as the body always move along straight line, KE is vector quantity. And as cause of KE of body is always potential energy in some form, PE is also vector quanity. For example, a stone of mass m at height h has PE = mgh. And as this PE is due to gravitational field of planet, this PE has downward direction. So PE is also vector quantity.

If we rotate a uniform circular ring (of the size of CD or cricket ground and that like sterring wheel of car, connected by three spokes at centre of ring) horizontally in perfect vacuum with uniform linear velocity, however small it is, the KE of every particle in the ring will get accumulated in the form of horizontal PE around every particle. When the magnitude of this horizontal PE is equal to downward gravitational potential energy, the ring will just float in space and will not fall on planet but it will rotate with planet and at the same time move with planet in space. But if this magnitude of horizontal PE is greater than downward gravitational PE, gravity of planet will not act on ring and hence ring will just float where it is in space and planet will move in space.

To associate escape PE with ring on earth, we should rotate the ring in vacuum so that every particle in ring covers 11200 meter distance. For example, if radius of ring is one centimeter, its circumference is 6.28 cm. So we should give the ring 178344 revolutions. Linear velocity of ring does not matter in this case because however small linear velocity and hence KE of ring may be, it must convert in PE and as this PE has no way to go anywhere it will get accumulated . So time does not matter. If the ring is revolving with one revolution per second, let it take 49.54 hours. To associate criticle PE with ring on earth, we should rotate the ring so that is covers around 8000 meter distance (which of course depend upon height of ring from surface of earth)

We can create gravitational PE i.e. gravity in spaceship in the same way so that astronauts feel gravity of earth. And we can give desired velocity to spaceship by using this accumulated PE to shield gravity and give KE to spaceship so that it can reach stars and galaxies.

PART II

Absolute Motion Analysis:

We know that speed of light is absolute i.e. it does not depend upon speed of its source. This part II intends to explain cause of absolute motion of any body in general

Suppose that a person in the train moving with velocity v throws a metal piece in the direction of train with velocity v, then as we know, velocity of metal piece with relative to observer on station will be v + v = 2v and if thrown in opposite direction of train with same velocity, velocity of metal piece with relative to observer on station will be v -v = 0. Clearly, velocity of metal piece is not absolute in this case. It depends upon speed of source i.e. train. But there is one situation in which velocity of metal piece must be absolute i.e. it must not depend upon speed of its source.

Consider rescue helicopter. Ends of blades of helicopter are rotating with linear velocity "v". This helicopter is stationary in air. Consider that small piece of metal in the ends of blade is broken and separated from blade. We know that this piece of metal will travel in tangential direction with velocity "v" with relative to observer on helipad or pilot of helicopter. Now consider that this helicopter is flying with speed "v". Remember that blades are rotating with linear velocity "v". Now in this situation if the piece of metal in the ends of blade is broken then it must travel with velocity v, be it with relative to observer on helipad or pilot of helicopter. Speed of source i.e. helicopter must not have any effect on velocity of metal piece. Why? This can be explained as follow.

If we say that speed of helicopter will affect velocity of metal piece as in case of train, then it means that if metal piece is travelling in the direction of motion of helicopter, velocity of metal piece will be v + v = 2v. And in the direction opposite to motion of helicopter, velocity of metal piece will be v -v = 0. This is unthinkable because as the metal piece was part of end of blade, it means that velocity of blade itself in the direction opposite to that of helicopter is zero . It means that range of linear velocity of blades is from 2v to 0. This situation will destabilize blades and eventually break apart. To begin with, blades will not rotate at all. But as we know, this does not happen.

Velocity of blades of helicopter is independent of speed of helicopter itself. Hence it will have no effect on the velocity of metal piece when it travels in space. Whether the helicopter is moving or not, if the blades are rotating with constant linear velocity v, linear velocity of metal piece will always be v. In other words, velocity of metal piece in this case is absolute. Speed of it's source i.e. helicopter, does not affect its velocity.

Example:

I request reader to take ride on bicycle on rainy streets. Let velocity of bike + you be v. Suppose that if you throw small stone with velocity v in the direction of motion of bike, then velocity of stone with relative to you will be v but with relative to pedestrian, it will be v + v = 2v. If you throw stone with same velocity opposite to direction of motion of bike, with relative to you will be v, but with relative to pedestrian, it will be v - v = 0.

Now look at the front wheel of bike. Linear velocity of tyre of wheel is v (because that is why bike is moving with velocity v). As you are on rainy street, some mud will stick to tyre of wheel of bike and as tyre is rotating, mud is also roating with tyre.

Now when this mud is thrown in tangential direction, what will be its velocity with relative to you? If you say that velocity of bike will add to velocity of mud, then velocity of mud in the direction of bike with relative to pedestrian should be v + v = 2v and with relative to you, it should be v. That means, mud should escape from tyre of front wheel and travel before your eyes with velocity v. Are you seeing mud escaping and flying before your eyes (in the direction of bike) with velocity v?

In this case, velocity of mud rotating with tyre is "Absolute". It does not depend upon its source i.e. velocity of bike. Velocity of bike does not add to linear velocity of mud. Hence mud and bike has same velocity. So we can never see mud flying before our eyes. I request reader to verify this.

We can also test this concept by sticking or tying porous ball containing powder or sand to outer side tyre of car, truck etc. Person in car or observer on ground will never see powder, sand being thrown in the direction of car, truck.

Experiment:

Reader can verify my concept of absolute motion by simple experiment. Take a small electric motor running on battery so that it is handy. Attach a disc, blades to axle. Stick or tie porous ball containing powder or sand to disc or blade. Now take this instrument on bike, in car, train, helicopter etc. Start the motor, so that disc or blades rotate. As the ball is porous, powder or sand will be thrown.

While performing this experiment, you may close down all windows of car to avoid air currents. The position of disc should be such that top portion of disc, your eye, vertical side of window should be along straight line perpendiculer to motion of car. Let speed of car be 50 m/s and linear velocity of rotating porous ball be 10 m/s. Now, as you are inside car, speed of vertical side of window of car with relative to you is zero. Your focus should be on TOP side of rotating disc. According to established knowledge of physics, velocity of powder should be 50 + 10 = 60 m/s in the direction of motion of car with realtive to observer on street. Hence you, inside car, should see the powder, sand being thrown in direction of motion of car with velocity 10 m/s.

Are you seeing the powder, sand thrown in the direction of motion of car from TOP portion of disc or blades? You will never see powder being thrown in the direction of car. And we will note that even if speed of car (or any vehicle) is varying, it does not affect the speed of powder or sand thrown in tangential direction if porous ball is rotating with uniform circular motion.

Any body in uniform circular motion do have absolute velocity. Motion of centre point of its centripetal force i.e. motion of its source does not affect velocity of body in circular motion. In uniform circular motion, body do have constant linear velocity but still it is accelerating because its direction is constantly changing. Only force acting upon body is centripetal force directed along radius towards centre of circle. No other force can communicate with rotating body in uniform circular motion.

PART III

Test of Ultra Propulsion Model:

Now consider a TWO uniform circular rings of same structure, diemsions of the size of coins connected to each other by very thin spoke. These rings are rotating in uniform circular motion around centre point of spoke in space with linear velocity one meter per second. And the direction of spin of this ring-spoke system is perpendicular to that of gravitational field of earth. But at the same time, this entire ring-spoke system is rotating around earth in space with velocity 8000 meter per second which is orbital velocity of satellite.

If we disconnect these rings from spoke, then as any body in uniform circular motion do have absolute velocity(which we verified in PART II), these rings will move in space in the direction and opposite the direction of motion of ring-spoke system with linear velocity of just one meter per second i.e.1 m/s. NOT 8000 m/s.

Then now question arise, when the ring-spoke system was moving in space with velocity 8000 m/s and if the mass of ring-spoke system is m, then it had kinetic energy (1/2)*m*v^2 where v = 8000 m/s. But when these two rings are set free from spoke, they are moving in tangential direction in space in opposite direction to each other with just 1 meter per second and not 8000 m/s. Obviously KE of these freely moving rings along straight line is negligible compared to what it had in ring-spoke system. Question is where this tremendous KE of ring-spoke system is gone?

That is exactly what Author has proposed in PART I. This KE of ring-spoke system is accumulated in the form of PE around these rings. And this PE has direction perpendicular to that of gravity. Hence these rings has potential energy to counter gravity of earth. These rings will rotate around earth with speed just one meter per second but will not "fall" or move towards earth. If the direction of PE around these rings is opposite to that of gravity of earth, the ring will just remain where it is and at the same time rotate with earth. Observer on planet will see the ring above the surface of earth (neglecting atmposphere of earth), say just one meter above surface of earth. And yes, he can handle this ring. He can move the position of ring in space. He can play with the ring. But the ring will not fall on earth.

Author request NASA to communicate with Astronauts in International Space Station to do spacewalk and carry out this experiment. Needless to add, we can also create Anti-Gravity on earth as mentioned in PART I.

Conclusion:

God Speed Planet Earth.

Author And Material Request To: Mr. Abhijit B Patil. Postal Address:Mr. Abhijit B Patil, C/o Life Insurance Corporation of India, At/Po/Tq: Shahada City, Dist: Nandurbar, Maharastra State, INDIA. Pin: 425 409. Tel No. +91-2565-23794, 23647, 23818, 23338. Email Address: [email protected]