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A list of what UFOs might really be
---------------------------
C U F O N
---------------------------
Computer UFO Network
Seattle Washington, USA
(206) 776-0382 8 Data Bits, No Parity, 1 Stop Bit
300/1200/2400 bps.
SYSOP - Jim Klotz Information Director - Dale Goudie
UFO Reporting and Information Service
Voice Line - (206) 721-5035
P.O.Box 832, Mercer Island, WA 98040, USA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Many people are surprised to learn that virtually 90% of all UFO reports can
be and have been explained. The major argument seems to be over whether the
remaining 10% is "noise" or "signal". Herewith, a list of things which have
been the primary cause of UFO reports in the past. It's a list that any
investigator should be aware of when studying a particular report. It was
compiled by Donald Menzel, a noted debunker of the 50s and 60s, who
characterized this list as "minimal and highly abbreviated". (From "UFOs: A
Scientific Debate", Sagan and Page, eds. consisting of papers presented at a
symposium sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, held in Boston on Dec. 26-27, 1969, ISBN 0-393-00739-1)
A. MATERIAL OBJECTS
1. Upper Atmosphere
meteors
satellite reentry
rocket firings
ionosphere experiments
sky-hook balloons (discontinued)
2. Lower Atmosphere
planes
reflection of sun
running lights
landing lights
weather balloons
luminous
nonluminous
clusters
clouds
contrails
blimps
advertising
illuminated
bubbles
sewage disposal
soap bubbles
military test craft
military experiments
magnesium flares
birds migrating
flocks
individual
luminous
3. Very Low Atmosphere
paper and other debris
kites
leaves
spider webs
insects
swarms
moths
luminous
(electrical discharge)
seeds
milkweed, etc.
feathers
parachutes
fireworks
4. On or Near Ground
dust devils
power lines
transformers
elevated streetlights
insulators
reflections from windows
water tanks
lightning rods
TV antennas
weathervanes
automobile headlights
lakes and ponds
beacon lights
lighthouses
tumbleweeds
icebergs
domed roofs
radar antennas
radio astronomy antennas
insect swarms
fires
oil refineries
cigarettes tossed away
B. IMMATERIAL OBJECTS
1. Upper Atmosphere
auroral phenomena
noctilucent clouds
2. Lower Atmosphere
reflections of searchlights
lightning
streak
chain
sheet
plasma phenomena
ball lightning
St. Elmo's Fire
parhelia
sundogs
parselene
moondogs
reflections from fog and mist
haloes
pilot's halo
ghost of the Brocken
mirages
superior
inferior
C. ASTRONOMICAL
planets
stars
artificial satellites
sun
moon
meteors
comets
D. PHYSIOLOGICAL
after images
sun
moon
reflections from bright sources
electric lights
street lights
flashlights
matches
(smoker lighting pipe)
autokinesis
stars unsteady
stars changing places
falling leaf effect
autostasis
eye defects
astigmatisms
myopia
failure to wear glasses
reflection from glasses
entoptic phenomena
retinal defects
vitreous humor
E PSYCHOLOGICAL
hallucination
F COMBINATIONS AND SPECIAL EFFECTS
G PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS
development defects
internal camera reflections
H RADAR
anomalous refraction
scattering
ghost images
angels
birds
insects
multiple reflections
I HOAXES
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