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Authority through time [PAPER]
Through the passage of time people have passed down their
values and authorities to create on another individual the ideal
reality based upon his/her true values.
Authority is the right given to a person by laws, or social
institutions to exercise power. When an individual exercises
his/her power, the underlined assumption is that such a person is
imposing his values upon others.
Nevertheless, the transmission of value is achieved through
a communication medium called dialogia. In this medium, the
central idea of words are transported from an encoder to a decoder
in order to arrive at a shared reality.
When one shares the same reality with another, they come to
an agreement where an exchange of codes has occurred. In this
case, the mutual reality has been initiated by the encoder. He/she
transmits his/her true values by using words as a medium.
This replacement of codes can be accomplished through visual
or audible decodation (ie: body movement, eye contact, distance,
tone of voice, etc). If successfully established, the reality of
the encoder to the decoder will emphasize his/her values.
Needless to say, each person constructs or adopts his or her
reality. They select their own virtues and when to assert them.
Therefore, each individual has an ideal reality to perceive the
world outside of him or her. This reality will always affect his
or her ultimate forthcoming decisions.
Making settlements is powerless unless it is backed up with
the authority to enforce it. This is why the use of language is
the cornerstone of a true reality.
We all have values in our true reality and in our social
reality. We attempt to stabilize both of these on a daily basis.
The social authority can be provided to an individual through an
institutionalized system.
If this is the case, a person will hold the responsibility in
an institution to exercise his or her authority. Such persons
include: government officials, teachers, policemen, head of
families, etc.
On the other hand, if one acquiesces to a transcendental
authority, the person will get their obligations from viewing the
world as a natural product.
The order of both realities is already indirectly established.
One is pioneered through social institutions and laws codes, and
the other through transcendental laws, orders, and beliefs.
To place our economy of values into action, we must consent
to the authority. This authority, as mentioned, can be
transcendental (from God), existential (through our senses), or
discursive (through language).
If submission is sanctioned, then the two chief purposes of
exercising an authority will be concluded. These are to maintain
reflected value with the existential, transcendental, or discursive
power, and to coordinate activities to enforce these values.
A person's truth value is composed of a set of codes or system
of beliefs that requires "texts" in order to achieve a reality.
This set of value codes is used with authority to bring a
person's views, believes, and actions to reality. When an
individual communicates, he or she transmits authority in value,
and value in authority. Thus, authority and value are intermingled
with each other.
Man, in reality, lives by value and authority. Depending upon
these two, his response will be fixed. Thus, the creation of
different faces of reality is very individualistic. Whether it is
transcendental, existential, or discursive, the individual will
choose the emphasis to give to each of these values.
Each person has a set of codes to live by. The value will
range from very insignificant to very relevant. These will enforce
a reality on us as well as on others.
These values are the ones that construct the reality man
symbolizes. Authority and value are just the mediums to signify
the interpretation of their reality. To accomplish this enterprise,
ones authority and a set of code values are utilized. Thus, our
activities are mere reflections of our true values put into action.
With certain expectancy, an individual regards the encoder to
use signifiers to help the other person understand the meaning of
his words. Whether it is audial or visual, the medium chosen will
act as guide to the accomplishment of a mutual reality.
If the individual fails to accomplish the transmission of a
shared reality, the medium will be ineffective. The final result
is a vague reality between the encoder and the decoder.
To say the least, we must
recognize that our system of
communication is invaded with
arbitrary signs. The relation
between the signify and the
signifier could be
misinterpreted or interpreted
correctly depending upon the
encoder's and the decoder's
environment, culture, alertness,
language, and background.
Since language is an
arbitrary system, we have a
unique world with multitudinous
individuals sharing their values. This freshness can sometimes
create problems, arguments, fights, and even wars.
If conflict is the case, the reality is understood but the
value is unconventional. Therefore, the discourse, the means by
which the mean is created conflicts with someone else's true value.
The limitation of the individual within an institutionalized
system of value is restricted in part by their epistemological
knowledge. In other words, the limitation to interpret contingent
or conventional codes is based upon the exposure to the nature, the
origin, and the limit of the encoder's reality. Therefore, the
individual must be open-minded to other's thoughts, knowledge, and
values in order to reach a mutual reality whether it conflicts with
his true values or not.
This is why the nature of our reality must be shared through
different mediums to prompt the basis for an agreed reality since
our ontological system of communication is arbitrary.
Sometimes individuals or groups of individuals challenge the
established institution because they believe the system is
overstepping on their true values.
When this interference occurs, you have two ontological points
of views or realities testing each other. In this case, the person
can choose to act upon, change, or deny the code values of the
institution.
The accomplishment of all these differences and more is done
through the wonderful world of words. The power of words, through
which an individual shares authority and value, reaches far more
than one can imagine.
We put our values into action through words. Words are like
small recipients transporting authority and value from one person
to the other.
Some of these recipients transport names, facts, action, etc;
but what is more important yet, is that they transport ideas,
emotions, and feelings.
For example, in the phrase "I love you", "I" encodes me as
the person submitting the action. Another recipient tells the
action "love". The third recipient says where I'm sending it to.
This "you" decodes the meaning I'm sending.
The message, then transmitted, will impact the other
individual's reality consciously or subconsciously. This is why
it is so critical for individuals, especially parents, to be aware
of the words used with children. Children do not know how to
differentiate the real meaning of words, thus creating the wrong
reality on them.
Whether we use our mouth, a letter, or a telephone as the
medium to communicate our values, the value judgement is not based
on the size of the word. Instead, this value is defined by the
consequence it has on a person's reality.
The word "anthropology", for example, fills our minds with
ideas. The reality of the decoder can be numerous. Other mediums
to communicate the intended reality are essential. Thus, in the
world of words, the dimensions of the word has no impact on the
value.
The value and authority are determined by our designated
institutions. Thus, the power of words is determined by the value
we put on each meaning, and the way in which that meaning impacts
on us. The decoder's reality will give the value judgement rather
than the size of the recipient transmitting that reality.
Many of the communication problems between husband and wives,
parents and children, and other groups of individual emerge when
bad transmission of reality transpires. Sometimes the
communication is complete, but the shared reality has a negative
impact on the decoder. In this case, the accomplishment of mutual
communication has occurred even though there's a difference in true
value.
Other times the communication is misunderstood or
misinterpreted. In this case, the established value cannot be
perceived in a mutual reality. A short circuit of word has
occurred, and a differential reality is the aftermath.
Shaping the hierarchy of values in an individual is part of
our responsibility, especially in parents. A person can act as an
institution of value economy. Words are the main medium used to
transmit the hierarchy of value through our authority. In fact,
the words an individual uses are mere reflections on how one
observes himself and others.
The recognition of the relation between value and authority
is part of our awareness as a social agent. First, we use our
authority, based on our true value, to help shape the standards of
what's correct and what's not. Secondly, we must recognize the
uniqueness and the individuality of everyone. Thirdly, we must
realize that the authority given from our code of values applies
not only to a person submitting to us, but also when we consent to
others in order to reach an agreed reality.
As time travels, every individual becomes aware that sharing
values is no more than decoding the reality of the encoder through
a system of authoritative power. Thus, individuality exists as
there are different realities in each of us.
The hierarchy of value does not depend on the institution
itself as much as in the individual. Thus, by selection every
person will come to acquire his own ontological and epistemological
reality to live by.
These days, we hear and see people fighting for their true
values. The best way to influence someone with our hierarchy of
values is through our integrity. Integrity is based upon our
constant exercise of our true values. If we are tenacious with
the values we have adopted, then we have a much better chance to
influence others. When we, through our authority, influence
others then we accomplish our self-preservation in a value economy.
The system of values and codes that individuals live by has
been institutionalized as a social organization. Within that
system, we also deal with a cultural world. The different
cultures, values, and beliefs bring different value economy.
Nevertheless, individuals strive together in operating an orderly
system.
Language, therefore, is an authority that is conceptual,
discursive, and contingent. It is a whole system of communicating
values. It's also a system of differential realities.
Since we are part of an abstract system of codes, our
hierarchy of values makes every individual unique in values and in
existence. Thus, there's definitely a unique reality in every
individual. The natural, social, and discursive values are passed
down from one generation to the other, but needless to say, we
fabricate the ultimate decision on which values will be embedded
on us. Our choice of awareness in recognizing these differences
and choosing our own truth values, makes our existence more unique
and valuable.
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